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Pregnant women who consumed 400 mgs of omega-3 fatty acids, particularly DHA, in an algal form daily from 18 weeks through childbirth protected their infants from colds and other illnesses, according to a U.S. study conducted among 1,100 pregnant women and 900 infants in Mexico. At one month, the infants in the DHA group had 25 percent fewer cold symptoms, including cough, phlegm and wheezing. At three months, the DHA infants spent 14 percent less time ill. And at six months, the DHA infants experienced shorter duration of fever, nasal secretion, and other symptoms. "Pregnant women taking 400 mg of DHA [daily] are more likely to deliver healthier infants," researchers said.
"Prenatal Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation and Infant Morbidity: Randomized Controlled Trial", Pediatrics, August 01, 2011
A study that examined the metabolic impact of consuming fructose, high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) and glucose found that consumption of fructose and HFCS increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. The study was launched to find out whether the U.S. recommendation that the upper limit of added sugar consumption should be 25 percent is supported by scientific evidence. Forty-eight adults were tested. Within two weeks, study participants consuming fructose or high fructose corn syrup, but not glucose, had higher concentrations of LDL cholesterol, triglycerides and a protein that leads to vascular plaques. The researchers said their findings suggest that the upper limit of 25 percent of daily calories consumed as added sugar recommended in the 2010 U.S. Dietary Guidelines “may need to be re-evaluated."
"Consumption of fructose and high fructose corn syrup increase postprandial triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, and apolipoprotein-B in young men and women", Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, July 31, 2011
A study by Spanish scientists has found that certain polyphenol compounds (flavonoids) extracted from grapes can reduce the formation of “reactive oxygen species” (ROS) in human skin cells exposed to long-wave (UVA) and medium-wave (UVB) ultraviolet radiation. UV rays activate ROS compounds, which in turn oxidize macromolecules such as lipids and DNA and stimulate certain reactions leading to cell death. The polyphenols in grapes, however, inhibit formation of ROS compounds, thus protecting the skin from the sun’s ultraviolet radiation. The scientists say their findings support the use of grapes or grape derivatives in sun protection products.
"Protective Effect of Structurally Diverse Grape Procyanidin Fractions against UV-Induced Cell Damage and Death", Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, July 29, 2011
The standard antibiotic used to treat urinary tract infections (UTI) did a better job of preventing recurrences of the condition in premenopausal women than cranberry capsules, Dutch researchers have found. They warned, however, that low-dose antibiotics can contribute to antibiotic resistance over time. For the study, 221 women with symptoms of UTI took either 480 mg of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) daily or 500 mg cranberry capsules twice daily. At 12 months, the average number of clinical recurrences OF UTI was 1.8 in the TMP-SMX group and 4.0 in the cranberry capsules group. However, antibiotic resistance rates tripled in the pathogens found in the TMP-SMX patients.
"Cranberries vs Antibiotics to Prevent Urinary Tract Infections: A Randomized Double-blind Noninferiority Trial in Premenopausal Women", Archives of Internal Medicine, July 25, 2011
A study on durum pasta revealed that adding dietary fibers to pasta can improve its health benefits without compromising culinary and sensory qualities, but only within certain limits of substitution. Researchers analyzed the cooking properties, sensory characteristics, fiber content, antioxidant properties, and starch digestibility of spaghetti made with durum semolina augmented with varying amounts of durum bran or germ dehydrated at high temperatures. Results showed that pasta made with duram bran or duram germ (pollard) had unattractive sensory and cooking properties, but offers more dietary fibers and antioxidants than regular pasta does. For pollard the study found that pasta made at 10% pollard has minimal impact but beyond 30% it netagively impacts the pasta.
"Effect of insoluble dietary fibre addition on technological, sensory, and structural properties of durum wheat spaghetti", Food Chemistry, July 23, 2011
Global mortality rates could be cost-effectively reduced by as much as 17.3 percent by increasing serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, a U.S. study has found. Researcher William B. Grant evaluated the possible impact on mortality rates in six regions of the world if vitamin D intake was doubled. He found that life expectancy would increase an average of about two years. The mortality rate for African females would drop by 7.6 percent, and for European females by 17.3 percent. Doubling vitamin D intake would be cost-effective, according to Grant, because vitamin D supplementation is cheap and supplementation and moderate UVB irradiance have few adverse side effects.
"An estimate of the global reduction in mortality rates through doubling vitamin D levels", European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, July 06, 2011
Researchers in Spain have discovered a potent natural oxidant that is synthesized in tomato plants when they are subjected to biotic stress. The antioxidant power of the new compound is about 14 times higher than that of resveratrol, an antioxidant found in red wine that slows cellular aging. It is also 4.5 times more potent than vitamin E and 10 times more potent than vitamin C, according to the researchers, who said the substance could have multiple applications. In the food industry it could be used as a preservative because it retards lipid oxidation and could prevent fats and oils from becoming rancid. Other possible uses are as a gasoline preservative and in the cosmetics industry in skin care products.
"Identification of defence metabolites in tomato plants infected by the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae", Environmental and Experimental Botany, June 16, 2011
Studies conducted in China and the U.S. comparing the benefits of omega-3 fatty acids derived from different sources have found that increased levels of any form of omega-3 were associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes. Scientists compared omega-3s from plants (alpha-linoleic acid, or ALA) and marine animals. The two Chinese studies came to different conclusions: one said only plant-derived omega-3s reduced diabetes risk, and the other said only marine-derived omega-3s reduced the risk. The U.S. study, however, found that both forms reduced diabetes risk. The researchers said that evidence suggests that both forms are protective, but more studies are needed to draw definitive conclusions.
"Plasma omega-3 fatty acids and incident diabetes in older adults", American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, May 18, 2011
A review of scienftic studies suggests that seaweed and other macroalgae can be used to produce peptides that have hypotensive effects in humans' circulatory system. Currently the primary source for most people of these "bioactive peptides" is milk and milk products but the authors believe seaweed and macroalgae could be an important additional source. Macroalgae, which can be 47 percent protein dry weight, have for centuries been part of east Asian and north European diets. Manufacturers already add hypotensive peptides derived from marine sources into functional foods including beverages and soups and the authors believe much more could be done with further research.
"Heart Health Peptides from Macroalgae and Their Potential Use in Functional Foods", Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, May 16, 2011
A study by Korean researchers who assessed magnesium intake in young women has found that consumption levels of the mineral were inadequate to support bone health. For the study, the dietary habits of 484 healthy women in their early twenties were monitored and analyzed. The average intake of magnesium was about 186 mg/day – mainly from cereals, vegetables, milk, legumes and fish – only 63 percent of the recommended daily intake. The researchers concluded that “the magnesium intake status of young Korean women …is unsatisfactory.” Raising dietary intake levels of magnesium “may positively impact bone quality in this population,” they wrote.
"Evaluation of magnesium intake and its relation with bone quality in healthy young Korean women", Biological Trace Element Research, April 05, 2011
U.S. researchers who analyzed the results of scientific studies on the cardioprotective effects of almonds have found evidence that the unsaturated fatty acids and dietary fiber contained in the nuts help maintain healthy cholesterol levels. In addition, almonds contain nutrients that play a mechanistic role in promoting heart health. Other heart-healthy ingredients in almonds include vitamin E, protein, magnesium, manganese, copper and calcium. “The message that almonds, in and of themselves, are a heart-healthy snack should be emphasized to consumers,” the researchers said. Between 91and 94 percent of the fatty acids in almonds are unsaturated, which may account for their ability to help maintain healthy cholesterol levels.
"Effects of almond consumption on the reduction of LDL-cholesterol: a discussion of potential mechanisms and future research directions", Nutrition Reviews, April 01, 2011
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Journal of the AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION, July 31, 2011
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, July 31, 2011
British Medical Journal, July 26, 2011
Journal of Clinical Investigation, July 25, 2011
British Medical Journal (BMJ), July 19, 2011
Circulation, July 18, 2011
Nutrition Journal, July 14, 2011
Nutrition & Metabolism , July 13, 2011
Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies, July 12, 2011
The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging, July 12, 2011
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, July 06, 2011
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition , July 06, 2011
The Journal of Neuroscience , June 29, 2011
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, June 29, 2011
Ophthalmology , June 25, 2011
Journal of Nutrition, June 15, 2011
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, May 18, 2011
The Journal of Neuroscience, April 13, 2011
Crop Science, March 16, 2011
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